EPTOIN 2ML INJ. 50mg/ml

Description

EPTOIN 2ML INJ. 50mg/ml is an injectable medication primarily used in emergency situations or when oral administration is not possible.

Active Ingredient: The active ingredient in EPTOIN Injection is Phenytoin Sodium 50mg/ml.

Mechanism of Action: Phenytoin is an antiepileptic (or anticonvulsant) medicine. It works by stabilizing the hyperexcitable neuronal membranes in the brain. It does this primarily by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. By reducing the rapid and repetitive firing of nerve impulses in the brain, it helps to control and prevent seizures. Phenytoin also has some anti-arrhythmic properties and can be used to treat certain cardiac arrhythmias.

Uses: EPTOIN 2ML INJ. 50mg/ml is typically used for:

• Status Epilepticus: A severe medical emergency where seizures follow one another without recovery of consciousness between them, or a single seizure lasts for a prolonged period. The injection is given intravenously for rapid control.
• Prevention and treatment of seizures: Occurring during or after severe head injury and/or neurosurgery.
• Cardiac Arrhythmias: In some cases, it may be used to treat certain irregular heartbeats (cardiac arrhythmias) that are not responsive to conventional anti-arrhythmic medications.
• When oral administration is not feasible: For patients who are hospitalized or unable to take oral forms of phenytoin.

Dosage and Administration:

• EPTOIN Injection is administered by a healthcare professional (doctor or nurse) intravenously (IV) into a vein. It should not be self-administered.
• The dosage, rate of infusion, and duration of treatment are determined by the doctor based on the patient’s condition, age, weight, and response.
• Continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure, and respiratory function is essential during IV administration, especially with rapid infusion.
• It should be diluted appropriately before administration, and not mixed with other drugs in the same syringe.

Side Effects: Common side effects of Phenytoin, especially with IV administration, can include:

• Central Nervous System (CNS) effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, mental confusion, slurred speech, impaired coordination (ataxia), nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), tremors.
• Cardiovascular: Low blood pressure (hypotension), irregular heart rhythms (bradycardia, heart block). These are more common with rapid IV infusion.
• Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, constipation.
• Injection site reactions: Pain, irritation, redness, tissue damage if extravasation occurs (purple glove syndrome).
• Skin: Rash (can range from mild to severe, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis).

More serious side effects that require immediate medical attention include:

• Severe skin reactions (SJS, TEN, DRESS syndrome – characterized by severe rash, blistering, peeling skin, fever, swollen glands, organ involvement).
• Blood abnormalities (unusual bruising or bleeding, fever, persistent sore throat, paleness, signs of anemia).
• Liver problems (jaundice, dark urine, severe fatigue, abdominal pain).
• Cardiac arrhythmias (severe chest pain, fainting, palpitations).
• Suicidal thoughts or behavioral changes.

Precautions and Warnings:

• Prescription Only: This is a prescription medication and should only be administered by trained medical personnel.
• Cardiac Issues: Contraindicated in patients with certain heart conditions like sinus bradycardia, sino-atrial block, second or third-degree AV block, and Adams-Stokes syndrome. Use with extreme caution in patients with heart failure, hypotension, or severe myocardial insufficiency.
• Liver Disease: Use with caution in patients with liver impairment. Liver function should be monitored.
• Blood Disorders: Caution in patients with blood disorders like porphyria. Regular blood counts are often necessary.
• Allergies: Contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to phenytoin or other hydantoins. Discontinue at the first sign of a rash unless clearly not drug-related.
• Pregnancy: Phenytoin is generally not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks of birth defects. The risks and benefits must be carefully weighed by the doctor, especially in life-threatening situations like status epilepticus.
• Breastfeeding: Phenytoin is excreted in breast milk. Not generally recommended for breastfeeding mothers.
• Alcohol: Avoid alcohol consumption as it can interfere with phenytoin levels and increase side effects.
• Driving/Operating Machinery: Patients should not drive or operate machinery after receiving this injection due to potential dizziness and drowsiness.
• Drug Interactions: Phenytoin has numerous significant drug interactions. Inform the doctor about all other medications, supplements, and herbal products being taken.