AMRIK 2.5MG

Description

1. Mechanism of Action: Amlodipine exerts its therapeutic effects by selectively inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels (both arteries and arterioles) and, to a lesser extent, the heart muscle cells. This inhibition of calcium entry leads to several key actions: * Vasodilation: By preventing calcium from entering the smooth muscle cells, it causes these muscles to relax. This results in the widening (dilation) of blood vessels throughout the body (peripheral arteries) and in the heart (coronary arteries). * Reduced Peripheral Resistance: The relaxation and widening of blood vessels reduce the overall resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the circulatory system. This decreases the workload on the heart, as it doesn’t have to pump as forcefully. * Improved Myocardial Oxygen Supply: In patients with angina (chest pain), amlodipine’s ability to dilate coronary arteries can improve blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart muscle, helping to alleviate or prevent anginal attacks.

2. Therapeutic Uses (Indications): AMRIK 2.5mg is primarily indicated for the treatment of: * Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): It is a highly effective first-line agent, either alone or in combination with other antihypertensive medications, for lowering and controlling elevated blood pressure. By maintaining blood pressure within a healthy range, it significantly reduces the risk of serious complications such as heart attacks, strokes, kidney failure, and other cardiovascular diseases. * Chronic Stable Angina: This refers to predictable chest pain that occurs with exertion or stress. Amlodipine helps by increasing the oxygen supply to the heart muscle and reducing its oxygen demand. * Vasospastic Angina (Prinzmetal’s or Variant Angina): This type of angina is caused by spasms in the coronary arteries. Amlodipine is effective in preventing these spasms and restoring proper blood flow to the heart. * Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): In patients with documented CAD, amlodipine can help reduce the risk of hospitalization for angina and the need for coronary revascularization procedures.

3. Dosage and Administration: The 2.5mg strength of Amlodipine (AMRIK 2.5mg) is typically used as: * Initial Dose: It’s often the starting dose, especially for elderly patients or individuals with impaired liver function, as these populations may metabolize the drug more slowly, leading to higher blood levels. Starting with a lower dose helps to minimize potential side effects. * Maintenance Dose: For some patients, 2.5mg may be sufficient to achieve blood pressure control. The medication is usually taken once daily, with or without food. Its long duration of action (approximately 24 hours) allows for convenient once-daily dosing, which can improve patient adherence to treatment.

4. Pharmacokinetics: Amlodipine is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within 6 to 12 hours. It is extensively metabolized in the liver to inactive metabolites, with only a small percentage excreted unchanged in the urine. Due to its slow elimination, steady-state plasma levels are achieved after about 7 to 8 days of consistent daily dosing.

5. Important Considerations and Potential Side Effects:

• Not a Cure: AMRIK 2.5mg effectively manages hypertension and angina but does not cure the underlying conditions. Long-term, consistent use is often necessary, as prescribed by a healthcare professional.
• Do Not Stop Abruptly: Discontinuing amlodipine suddenly can lead to a rapid increase in blood pressure or worsening of angina. Any changes to the dosage or discontinuation should always be done under the guidance of a doctor.
• Common Side Effects: While generally well-tolerated, common side effects can include:
  • Peripheral Edema: Swelling, particularly of the ankles and feet, is a frequently observed, dose-dependent side effect.
  • Headache
  • Dizziness, lightheadedness, or drowsiness
  • Flushing (redness and warmth of the face)
  • Palpitations (awareness of one’s heartbeat)
  • Nausea or abdominal pain
  • Fatigue
  • Gingival hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue) can occur with long-term use, emphasizing the importance of good oral hygiene.
• Serious Side Effects (Rare): Although rare, more serious side effects can include severe low blood pressure, worsening of angina or heart attack (especially at the beginning of treatment or with dose increase in certain patients), and liver problems. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience severe chest pain, fainting, or signs of an allergic reaction.
• Drug Interactions: Amlodipine can interact with other medications, including certain antifungals, antibiotics, and other blood pressure medications. Patients should inform their doctor about all prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements they are taking.
• Specific Patient Populations: Caution is advised in patients with heart failure or significant liver impairment, as the dosage may need to be adjusted.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood pressure is essential to ensure the medication is working effectively and to adjust the dose if necessary.

6. Manufacturer: AMRIK 2.5mg is manufactured by pharmaceutical companies like Medrik Pharmaceuticals in Nepal, ensuring its availability and use within the country